A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS ON INDIAN ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE

In this bibliography, we have tried to cover mainly the first two of the three related sciences, Vastusastra (Architecture), Silpasastra (sculpture) and Citrasastra (painting) For further bibliographical information, we refer the reader to the following works: (1) A. K. Coomaraswamy: Bibliographies of Indian Art, Boston, 1925; (2) Haridas Mitra: Contribution to a Bibliography of Indian Art, Santiniketan, 1951 (Rep. 1980); (3) H: S. Patil arid R. N. Sar (Eds.)': Aspects of Indian Culture, Select Bibliographies, Vol. I. The Arts, Delhi, 1961. Like in all other sciences, the extent of unpublished manuscript literature on vastusastra and silpasastra that is languishing in various archieves and libraries is jindeed enormous, For instance. The Tanjore Saraswati Mahal Library refers in its master index to, 52 silpasastra manuscripts in Sanskrit. It should be noted that several manuscripts also contain extensive marginal notes and comments by the Sthapatis and other artisans of the ancient times, in the various regional languages of India. The book by Haridas Mitra (cited above) contains also a listing of manuscripts.

As regards the secondary sources, it is indeed important to have some idea on how the modern tradition of 'study of Indian architecture' started and how it has evolved. As usual such studies can be traced to William Jones who in his characteristic manner declared that: 'The silpasastra 'or collection of treatises on Arts and Manufactures, which must have contained a treasure of useful information on dying, painting and metallurgy, has been so' long neglected, that few, if any, traces of it are to be found'*. The end of 18th century and early 19th century were also noted for the various discoveries (and descriptive accounts) of several monuments of India by the British military officers, European travelers, etc. discoveries which often had the same significance and consequence as the celebrated 'discovery' of America by Columbus,

The first serious contribution to the study of Indian architecture was the 'Essay on the Architecture of the Hindus by Ram Raz, published (posthumously) in London in 1834. Ram Raz who was a school teacher and later a judge at Bangalore got hold of a traditional text of vastusastra, a fragment of 'Manasara', which he was able to interpret fairly accurately in consultation with a traditionally trained Sanskrit scholar and a 'good sculptor of the cammata tribe well acquainted with the practice of architecture and the terms used in the art'*. Unfortunately Ram Raz's was the only such effort in the whole of 19th century. The person, who had the greatest influence on all the later studies on Indian architecture, was James Fergusson, who came to India as an indigo planter in the 1830's, and spent considerable time in the next 30-40 years in a study of the various monuments of India, ancient as well as those which were then under construction. Fergusson declared that:

'Architecture in India is still s Jiving art, practiced on the principles which caused its wonderful development in Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and there consequently and there alone, the student of architecture has a chance of seeing the real principles of the art in action. In Europe, at the present day, architecture is practiced to a manner so anomalous and so abnormal that few, if any, have hitherto been able to shake off the influence of a false system and see that the art of ornamental building can be based on principles of commonsense; and that when so practiced the result not only is, but must be, satisfactory*.

At the same time, Fergusson was also the father of various misconceptions on Indian architecture such as the GraecoRoman or the Gandharan theory of the inspiration of Buddhist sculpture, attribution of everything 'good' in Indian architecture to foreign influences, the sectarian classification of Indian architecture into various 'styles', etc. Fergusson's views were held as the gospel truth till E. B. Havell demolished most of them early in twentieth century.

While Fergusson at least made passing reference to Ram Raz's pioneering work, and was also willing to observe the Indian architect at work, the whole archaeological tradition that followed him was totally blind to the Indian tradition of architectural science. As a recent authority notes :

The Indian sources for example, continued to be scrupulously avoided. Burgess makes the same feeble reference, to Ram Raz which Fergusson had made thirty years earlier, particularly surprising as Burgess bad worked for sometime at Satrunjaya [Palitans] which had a flourishing school of active traditional architects. When Henry Cousens, Burgess' assistant writing jointly with him In 1903 attempted to use a more extended Indian terminology. Burgess' reaction was somewhat negative on the ground that 'few of these terms are to be found in our lexicons and their precise forms can hardly be controlled out of India'. Cousens own attempt to develop new avenues of approach by working together with traditional architects and texts was in no way pursued'**.

It was only in the early decades of this century that the publication and study of the source works began, and this was all the work of traditional scholars and not archaeIqgists. In the same way, Manmohan Ganguli, Nirmal Kumar Bose and others initiated the process of'learning'from the Indian architects. Even more important has been the expository works on Indian architecture and sculpture by the traditionally trained Sthapatis such as Narmada Shankar and Prabha Shankar Somapura. There is of course enormous work that needs to be done in order to understand and propagate the Indian Science of Architecture; but in order to be able to contribute for this endeavour, our archaelogists and architects trained in the modern schools of architecture have to clearly divest' themselves of the various prejudices that they acquire in the course of their 'training'***.

A. Source Works*

1. Atrisamhita : Samurtarcanadhikarana, Ed. by P. Raghunath Chakravarti and M. Ramakrjshna Kavi, Tirupatr. 1943.

2. Aparajitaprccha of Bhuvanadeva (1213 can): Ed. by P. A. Mankad, Gos 115, Baroda 1950.

3. Abhilashitartha Cintamani (or Manasollasa) of Somesvaradeva (12-13th cer.); [i] Ed. by
R. Shama Sastry, Part1. Mosi69, Mysore 1926. [ii] Ed. by G. K. Shrigondekar, 3 vols. Gos.

4. Ayatatva of Viswakarma: Published with Hindi Translation, Bombay.

5. Kasyapa Silpasastra: [i] .Ed., by Krishna Vinayak Vajhe. ASS 95, Poona 1926 [ii] Patalas 4692 Ed. and Tr. into Tamil by K. S. Subrahmanya Sastri, TSMS 39, 1960.

6. Grhanirmanavyavastha : Ed. with Hindi Translation by Badari Narayana Tripathi, Benaras.

7. Grhavastudarpana : Published in Bangalore.

8. Chitrakarmasastra : Ed. by T. Subraya sastri with translation by Ratanlai M. Mody and G. Venkatachala Sarma, Bangalore 1931.

9. Citralakshana of Nagnajit : [i] Tibetan text Ed. with German translation by Otto Harra'ssowitz,
Leipzingj 1913 [ii] Tibetan text Ed. with English translation by B. N. Goswamy and A. L. Dahmen
Dallapicciola, New, Delhi, 1976.

10. Tantrasamuccaya of Narayana [16 th cen.] : [i] Ed. with Commentary Vimarsint of .Sankara by T. Ganapati Sastri, 2 vols. TSS 67, 71, Trivandrum 1921 [ii] Ed. with M'slayafam Commentary, TMS 64 [iii] Ed. with Commentaries Vimarsini of Sankara and Vivarana of Narayaha Sis hya by V. A. Ramaswamy Sastri, 3 vols., TSS 157, 169, 200, Trivandrum 194462. [iv] Portions translated by N. V. Mallayya in 'Studies in Sanskrit Texts on Temple Architecture with Special Reference to Tantrasamuccaya', Annamalai, 1949.

11. D'evatamurti Prakaranam of Sutradhara Mandana: Ed. with Comm. by Upsndramohan Sankhy'atirtha, " COS 13, Calcutta 1932.

12. Devapratishthatantram of Raghunandana (16th can.) : Ed. by Duhkhi Rama Kavyaratna, Calcutta.

13. Diparnava: Ed. with Gujarati translation by Prabhasankar Oghadbhai Sompura, Bhavnagar, 1960.

14. Nishpannayogavali of. Abhayakara Gupta [1112 cent.]: Ed. by B. Bhattacharya, GOS 109 Baroda, 1949.

15. Pancaratraprasadaprasadhanam [from Padmasamhita] : Ed. with notes by H. Daniel Smith, Madras 1963.

16. Prattmamanalakshana1. [i] Ed. and translated by Phanindranath Bose, POS 18, Lahore 1929, [ii] Ed. and translated by Jitendranath Banerjee in 'The Development of Hindu Iconography Calcutta 1944.

17. Pratimalakshanavidrtana [or Mayasastra]: [i] Ed. by Phanindranath. Basu in 'Principles of Indian Silpasastra', POS 12, Lahore, 1926 [ii] Published with Telugu Notes in 'Mayavastu' Madras 1916.

18. Prayogaparij'ata: Published at New Steam Press, Bombay.

19. Prasadamandana of Sutradhara Mandana: [i] Ed. by CSS 32, Calcutta 1948 [ii] Ed. by Pandit JagadharZadoo, KSS 72, Srinagar 1947. [iii] Ed. with Hindi Tr. by Bhagwandas Jain, Jaipur 1964 [iv] Ed.1 with Gujarati translation by Prabhashankar 0. Sompura, Palitana 1965.

20. Buddha Pratimalakshana: [i] Ed. with Commentary Sambudddabhashita Pratimalakshanavivarani by Haridas Mitra, PSB 48, Benares 1933, [ii] Ed. and translated by Jitendranath ' Banerjea, Jour. Dept. of Letters [Calcutta Univ.] 23, No. 2, 185.

21. Brahmiyacitrakarmasastram: Ed. and translated into Tamil by V. Sundara Sarma and G. Nagaraja Rao, TSMS 86, Tanjore 1960.

22. Bhuvanapradipa [in Prakrit] : Selections Ed. with Orila translation and English explanation by Nirmal Kumar Bose in 'Canons of Orissan Architecture', Calcutta 1932.

23. Manushyalayacandrika: [i] Ed. by T. Ganapati Sastri, TSS 56, Trivandrum 1917 [ii] Ed. with Malayalam commentary by Nilakantan Asari, Quilon.

24. Manaiyadisastram [in Tamil] of Maya: Ed. with Tamil commentary by Ramakrishna Siddhanta and Ayyaswami Pillai, Trichi 1885 [Rep. Madras 1935].

25. Maricipatala: [i] Ed. by V. Raghunatha Chakravarti Bhattacharya and Setumadhavacarya, Madras 1926. [ii] Published in Sri Venkateswara Oriental series, Tirupati 1926. [iii] Ed. by K. Sambasiva Sastri, TSS 71, Trivandrum 1935.

26. Mayamata : [i] Ed. by T. Ganapati Sastri, TSS 65, Trivandrum 1919, [ii] Ed. with Tamil translation by K.S. Subrahmanya sastri, 2 vols. TSMS 113, 1966, .[iii] Ed. with French translation by Bruno Dagens, 2 vols., Pondicherry 1970, 76.

27. Mayamataya (A Sinhalese summary of Mayamata) ; (i) Portions translated by A. K. Coomaraswamy in Mediaeval Sinhalese Art,' New York 1908 (Rep. 1954), (ii) Ed. with French translation by Jinadasa Liyaratne, Paris 1976,

28. Maya Silpa Sastra (in Tamil) : Tr. in Indian Antiquary 5, 2307, 2937 (1876).

29. Maya Vastu Sastra: Published in Madras 1917.

30. Manasara : Ed. and translated by P. K. Acharya, 2 vols. (Vols. Ml, IV of a series of works on Indian Architecture) Oxford 1933.

31. Yuktikalpataru of Raja Bhoja (11th cent.): Ed. by Pandit Isvar Chandra Sastri, COSI, Calcutta, 1917.

32. Rajadharmakaustubha of Anantadeva (1718 cent).: Ed, by Kamalakara Krishna Smrtitirtfia, GOS 72, Baroda 1945.

33. Rajavallabhamandana of Sutradhara Mandana ; (i) Published in CSS 32, Calcutta 1948.

34. Rupamandana of Sutradhara Mandana : (i) Ed. with Commentary by Upendramohan Sankhyatirtha, COS 13, Calcutta 1932. (ii) Sixth Chapter Ed. and Tr. by R. D. Hingorani, Varanasi 1978, [iii] Hindi Tr. by Balaram Sriyatsava, Delhi.

35. Vastulakshana : Ed. with Malayalam Commentary by S. K. Ramanatha Sastri, MGOS 21, Madras 1950.

36. Vastumuktavali: Published in Benaras 1916.

37. Vasturatnakara : Ed. with Hindi commentary by Vindhyeswari Prasad Dvivedi, Varanasi 1945.

38. Vasturatnavali of Jivanatha Daivajna : Ed. with Hindi translation by Achyutand Jha, HSS 152,an Varanasi 1942.

39. Vastusaravasava : Ed, with Andhratika by Nanjunda Dikshita, Madras.

40. Vastusara of Sitradhara Mandana : Published by Maganlal Karamchand, Ahmedabad 1878.

41. Vastusaraprakarama of Thakur Pheru in Prakrit: Ed. with Gujarati Tr. by Pandit Bhagavandas Jaint, Jaipur 1939,

42. Vastuvidsa : [i] Ed. by. T. Ganapathi Sastri TSS 30, Trivandrum 1913 [it] Ed. with commantary Laghuvivrtti of Mahadeva Sastri by L. A. Ravivarma TSS 142, Trivandrum 1940 [iii] Chapters 16 Tr. by K.S. Ptsharoti, Calcutta Oriental Journal Vols. 1, 2

43. Viswakarmaprakasa : [i] Printed at Sri Venkateswara PressBombay 1895 [ii] Published with Bhashatika, Bombay 1912 [iii] Ed. by Matriprasad Pandey, Benares 1937.

44. Viswakarma Vastusastra : Ed. with Commentary Pramanabodhini of Anantakrishna Bhattaraka by K.
Vasudeva Sastri and N.B. Gadre, TSMS 85, Tanjore 1958.

45. Vishnudha'rmottara Purana : [i] Printed at Sri Venkateswara Press, Bombay 1879, 1912. [ii] Ed. and translated by Stella Kramrisch, asA Treatise on Indian Painting and Image making ' Calcutta 1924 [iii] Part 111 Chapter 41. Ed. by Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, Journ. Amer. Or. Soc. 52, 1321 (1932). [iv] Part HI Chapter 43, Tr. by Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, in Asutosh Mukherjee CommemorationVolume [v] Ed, and Tr. by Priyabala Shah. GOS, 130, 137, Baroda 1958, 61 [vi] Chitra Sutras, Ed. by C. Sriva ramamurthi. New Delhi 1978.

46. Srlpapraasa of Ramachandra Kaulachara : Ed. and Tr. by A. Boner and Sadasiva Rath Sarma, Leiden 1966.

47. Silparatna of Srikumara (16th cent.): [i] Ed. by T. Ganapati Sastri and K. Sambasiva Sastri, 2 vols. TSS 75, 98, Trivandrum 1922, 29. [ii] Portions of Citralakshana Chapter Tr. by Ananda K. Coomaraswamy in Asutosh Memorial Volume, Patna 192628 [Iii] Twenty five chapters Ed. with Tamil Tr. by Devanathachariar, TSMS 90, Tanjore 1961 [iv] Citralakshana Chapter Tr. by Asok Bhattacharya' Calcutta 1974.

48. Silpavishayam (in Malayalam): Ed. by S. K. Ramanatha sastri, MGOS 21, Madras 1950.

49. Silpasastra: [i] Ed. in Oriya character by Mohan Sahu, Cuttack 1923, [ii] Ed. by Jayanatha Anjaria, Ahmedabad 1939. [iii] Ed. with Tr. by Phanindranath Bose POS 17, Lahore 1927 (Rep Delhi 1978).

50. Silpasastra of Narada : Two chapters on painting Ed. and Tr. by V. Raghavan. Jour, of Ind. Soc. of Oriental Art, 3, 1532.

51. Sirpacintamani (in Tamil) of Veerasami Mudaliar : Published in Madras 1921.

52. Sritatvanrdhi of Raja Sri Krishnarala Maharaja: Ed. with Tamil Tr. by K. S. Subranianya Sastri,
3 Vols TSMS 104, tanjore 1963.

53. Shatpancasika : Ed. by K. Madhava krishna sarma, Adyar 1942.

54. Sakaladhikara of Agastya : Ed. with Tamil Tr. by K. Vasudeva Sastri, TSMS 92, Tanjore 1961.

55. Sanatkumara Vastusastram : Published with Audhratika, Madras,

56. Samarangana Sutradhara of Raja Bhoja (11th cent.): [i] Ed. by T. Ganapati Sastri, 2 Vols. GOS 25, 32,'Baroda 1924, 25. [ii] Redacted as 'Samarangana Sutradhara Vastusastram' by Dwijendranath Shukla, Delhi 1965.

57. Saraswatiya Citvakarmasastra : Ed. with Tamil Tr. by K. S. Subrahmanya Sastri, TSMS 87, Tanjore 1960.

58. Sadhanamala : Ed. by B. Bhattacharaya 2 vols. Gos 26, 41, Baroda 1925, 28.

59. Sudhalepavidhanam : Ed. and Tr. by V. V. Sharma Sastri, Ind. Hist. Quart. 3, 5359 (1921).

60. Suprabheda pratishthatantra : Published in Madras 1901.

61. Hayasirsha pancaratra : Portions of Saurakhayda published in Varendra ResearchSeries, Rajshahi.

62.Kshirarnava : Ed. with Gujarati Tr. by Prabha Shankar, O. Sompura, Palitana 1966.

Other Texts:

Arthasastra Chs. 22, 23. Brihat Sambita-Chs. 5358. Matsya purariaChs. 252, 255, 257, 258 262, 263, 266, 270. Garudapurana-Chs. 4548. Agnipurana Chs. 4255, 60, 62, 104. 106 etc.,

B: Select Secondary Literature:

1. P. K. Acharya : Architecture of Manasara Series (i) A Summary of Mariasara, Leiden 1918, (ii) A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture, Oxford 1927,'(iii) Indian Architecture According to Manasara Silpasastra, Oxford 1927, (iv) Architecture of Manasara: 157 plates, Oxford 1933 (v) Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad, Oxford 1942 (vi) An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture, Oxford 1942.

2. V. S. Agrawala : Indian, Art Varanasi'1965.

3. A. S. Altekar, Benares and Saranath, Past and Present, 1947.

4. Jagannath Ambaram: Brihat Silpa Sastra (in Gujarati) Ahmedabad 1939.

5. M. A. Ananthalvar, A. V. T. Iyer and Alexander Rea : Indian Architecture, 3 Vols. Madras 1921 23.

6. P. G. Aravamuthan : Portrait Sculpture in South India, London 1931.

7. Sri Aurobindo : The Significance of Indian Art; Pondicherry. 1940.

8. C P; Venkataramana Ayyer: Town Planning in Ancient Deccan, "Madras 1916.

9. Lingo Babaji : Silpa sastra (in Kannada), Belgaum 1923.

10. Jitendranath Banerjea : The Development of Hindu Iconography, Calcutta1941.

11 Claude Batley: The Design Development of Indian Architecture, London 1934.

12. B. Bhattacharya : (i) Jaina Iconography, Lahore 1939 (ii). Indian Buddhist Iconography, Calcutta 1958.

13. B. Bhattacharya: Tantric Buddhist Iconographic Sources, Delhi1974.

14. Tarapada Bhattacharya : (i) Study of Vastuvidya or Canons of Indian Architecture, Calcutta 1948 (ii) The Canons of Indian Art, Calcutta 1953.

15. George C. M. Birdwood : Industrial Arts of India, London 1880.

16. J. F. Blacker: ABC of Indian Art, London 1922.

17. Alice Boner: (i) Principles of Composition in Indian Sculpture, Leiden 1962 (ii) (with Sadashiva Rath Sarma and Rajendra Prasad Das) New Light on the Sun Temple of Konarka, Varanasi 1972.

18. P. N. Bose : Principles of Indian Silpa. Sastra, Lahore 1926.

19. Percy Brown : Indian Architecture, 2 Vols. Bombay 1942. ."

20. J. Burgess : (i) Ancient Monuments, Temples and Sculptures of India, 2 Vols, London 1897, 1911 (ii) (with H. Cousins) Architectural Antiquities of North Gujarat, London 1913.

21. Catalogue of the Museum of Ornamental Art at Marlborough House, London 1853.

22. R. P. Chanda: Medieval Indian Sculpture, London 1936.

23. Pramod Chandra : Studies in Indian Temple Architecture, Bombay.1975.

24. K. De. B. Codrington : An Introduction to the study of Medieval Indian Sculpture, London 1929.

25. H. Cole: (i) Catalogue of the objects of Indian Art' Exhibited in the. South Kensington Museum, London 1874. (ii) The Architecture of Ancient Delhi, Lahore 1884.

26. Anand K. Coomaraswamy: (i) Medieval Sinhalse Art, London 1908, (ii) Essays in National Idealism, Columbo 1909 (iii) The Indian Craftsman, London 1909. (iv) Art and Swadeshi Madras 1911 (v) The Arts and crafts of India and Ceylony, Edinburgh1913 (vi) Viswakarma, London 1914 (vii) Rajput Painting, London 1916 (viii) The Dance of Shiva, New York 1918 (ix) History of Indian and I Indonesian Art, New York 1927 (x) Yakshas, 2 Vols., Washington 1928 (xi) Transformation of Nature in Art, Cambridge 1934 (xii) Elements of Buddhist Iconography? Cambridge 1935 (xiii) Asiatic Art, Chicago 1938. (xiv) . The Christian And Oriental Art, London 1943 (xv) Bugbear of Literacy,

27. RovC. Craven: A Concise History of Indian Art.

28. Bruno Dagens: Les [Enseignements Architecture de 1 Ajitagama etdu Rauravagama, Pondicherry 1977.

29. S. C. Dasgupta : Origin and Evolution of Indian Clay sculpture, Calcutta. 1961.

30. S. N. Dasgupta: Fundamentals of Indian Art, Bombay 1954.

31. M. A. Dhaky: (i) (with J. M. Na'navati) Ceilings in the Temples of Gujarat, Baroda Museum 1963(ii) (with J. Mt NaViavati) Maitraka and Saindhava Temples of Gujarat, Ascona 1969 (iii) The Indian Tempie Forms, Delhi 1977.
32. P. N. Dubash : Hindoo Art in Its Social;Setting, 1936.

33. G. Jouveau Dubreuil : (i) Archaeologie du Sud de I' Inde, 2 vols; Paris 1914; Abridged Tr. of vol by S. Krishnaswamy Iyengar, Madras 1917 (ii) iconography of Southern India, London 1932.

34. B. B. Dutt: Town Planning in Ancient India, Calcutta' 1925.

35. Charles Fabric : AnIntroduction to Indian Architecture, Bombay 1963:

36. James Fergusson: (i) flock cut .Temples of India, London 1845, (ii) picturesque Illustrations of Ancient Architecture in Hindustan (London 1867) (iii) On the study of Indian Architecture, London 1867 . (iv) History of I ndian and Eastern Architecture, 1877. (v) (with J. Burgess) Cave Temples of India, London 1880'.

37. Louis Frederic: Indian Temples and Sculpture, London 1959.

38. Manmohan Ganguly: Orissa and Her Remains,.Calcutta 1912.

39. O. C. Ganguly : (i)J South Indian Bronzes, Calcutta .1915 (ii) Indian Architecture, Bombay 1946 (iii) Ragas and Raginis : A Pictorial and Iconographic Study,'2 vols. Bombay 1948.

40: G. S. Ghurye : Rajput Architecture, Bombay 1968.

41. H. Goetz : India : Five Thousand years of Indian Art, Baden Baden 1964.

42. F: H. Gravely : (i). (with T. N. Ramachandran) The Three Main Styles of Temple Architecture Recorded by Silpa Sastras, Madras Museum 1934 (ii) An Outline of Indian Temple Architecture, Madras Museum 1936 (iii) (with C. Sivaramamurthy) A1 Guide to( South Indian Architecture and Sculpture, Madras Museum 1939.

43. F. SI Growse : Mathura : A District Memoir, 3rd Ed. London 1883'.

44. R. S. Gupte : Iconography of the Hindus, Buddhists and Jains, Bombay.

45. E.SB. Havell : (i) Benares, London 1905 (ii) Indian Sculpture and Painting, London 1908 (iii) Essays on Indian Art, Industry and Education Madras 1910 (iv) The Basis for Artistic and Industrial Revival of India, Adyar. 1912 (y) Jndian Architecture : Its Psychology, Structure, and History from Muhammadah Invasion to the Present day, London: 1913 (vi) Ancient and Meievaf Architecture? of India; London; 1915 (vii) Ideals of Indian Art, London 1920 (viii) A Hand book of Indian Art, London 1920 (ix) The Himalayas Indian Art, London T924.

46. M. Hiriyanna : Art Experience, Mysore 1954.

47. O. Jones : The Grammer of Ornament; London 185&48V Chintamarii Kar: Classical Indian Sculpture, London 1950.

49. G. H. Khare ; Murtivijnana, Poona 1939.

50. Joseph Kolmas : The Iconography of the Derge Kanjur arid Tarijur.

51. Stella Kramrisch : (i) The Indian Sculpture, Calcutta' 1933 (ii) the Hindu Temple, 2 Vols, Calcutta 1946 (iii) Art of India, London 1954.

52. Curt Maury: Folk Origins of Indian Art, Mew York 1969.'

53. IndumatiMishra : Pratima Viindham (in Hindu), Varanasi.

54. R. N. Mishra : Ancient Artists and Art Activity, Simla 1975.

55. Ggorge Mitchell: The Hindu Temple : An Introduction to its Meaning and Forms; London 1977.

56. Rajendralala Mitra : Antiquities of Orissa, Calcutta 1875.

57. Partha Mitter: Much Maligned Monsters : History of European Reactions, to Indian Art, Oxford 1977.

58. Radhakamal Mukerjee : The Flowering of Indian Art, Bombay 1964.

59. Meera Mukherjee : Metal draftsmen of India; Calcutta 19781.

60. T. N. Mukherjee : Art Manufactures of India Compiled for Glasgow International Exhibition 1888.

61. R. NagasamY The Art of Tamil Nadu, Madras 1971.

62. R. Nath : History of Mughal Architecture, 4 vols. 1982.

63. Sten.Nilsson: European Architecture in India : 17501850, London 1065.

64. Deenabandhu Pandey: (i) Notes on Indian Iconography; Varanasi 1975 (ii) Deva Pratimavijnam (in Hindi) Varanasi.

65. Jose Pereira : Elements of Indian Architecture, Delhi 1983.

66. S. Piggot: Some Ancient cities of India, Bombay ,1945.

67. Govinda Krishna Pillai : The Ways of the Silpis; Hindu 'Approach to Art arid Science, Allahabad 1948.

68. Suresh B. Pillai : Introduction to the Study of Temple Art, Thanjavur 1976.

69. B. N. Puri : Cities of Ancient India, Meerut 1966.

70. T N. Gopinath Rao : (i) The Elements of Hindu Iconography, 2 Vols, Madras 1914, (ii) Talaman or Iconometry, Calcutta 1920.

71. S. K. Ramachandra Rao : (i) Murtisilpa : Nele Hinnele (in Kannada) Bangalore 1975 (ii) The Indian Temple Its Meaning, Bangalore 1979.

72. Heimo Rau ; Reflection on Indian Art, Delhi.

73. Amita Ray : Village Town and Secular Buildings in Ancient India, Calcutta 1964.

74. Nihar Ranjan Ray : An Approach to Indian Art, Chandigarh 1974.

75. D. Raychaudhuri: Indian Sculpture, Madras 1942.

76. Ram Raz: Essay on the Architecture of the Hindus, London 1834.

77. A. Rodin : (with E. B.Havell and A. K. Coomaraswamy) Sculptures Civaites, Paris 1921.

78. B. Rowland: The .Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu Jain, Baltimore 1953.

79. S. Roy: Story of Indian Archaelogy, Delhi 1961.

80. George Sanderson and J. Begg: Types of Modern Indian Buildings, Allahabad 1913.

81. S. K.Saraswati: A Survey of Indian Sculpture, Calcutta 1957.

82. D. N. Shukla : (i) Vastushostra or Hindu Science of Architecture and Hindu Canons of Iconography (in Hindi and English), Chandigrah, 1960 (ii) Samarangana Sutradhara Vastusastra (in Hindi), Lucknbw.

83.William Simpson: Origin and Development of Indian and Eastern Architecture, London 1891.

84. C. Sivaramamurthy; (i) Indian Sculpture, Delhi ,1982. (ii) Indian Bronzes, Bombay 1962, (iii) The Art of India. New York 1976 (iv) Approach to Nature in Indian Thought, Delhi 1980.

85. Vincent A. Smith: , History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, London 1911.

86. Narmadashankar M. Sompura : (i) Silparatriakara (in Gujarat) Ahmedabad.

87. Prabhashankar O. Sompura: (i) Bharatiya Silpa Samhita, Varanasi (ii) with Madhusudana Dhakyj, Bharatiya Durga Vidhan (in Gujarati) Bombay 1971.

88. K. V. Soundarajan: Indian Temple Styles, New Delhi 1972.

89. P. H: Srinivasan : Bronzes of South India, Madras 1963.

90. Rabindranath Tagore: On Art and Aesthetics: A Selection, Calcutta 1961.

91. S. P. Tewari: Hindu Iconography, Delhi 1979.

92. Sidney Toy: The Strongholds of India, London 1957.

93. K.JM. Varma : Indian Technique of Clay Modeling, Shantiniketan 1970.

94. Girishchandra Vedanatatirtha : Pracina Silpa Paricaya (in Bengali), Calcutta 1970.

95. A.V. Volwahsen : Living Architecture : Indian, London 1969.

96. George Watt: Industrial'Arts of India, London 1912.

97. H. Zimmer: (i) The Art of Indian Asia, New York 1955 (ii) Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilisation, London 1962:

98. La Roche: Indische Bau Kunst, 6 Vols, Berlin, 1921-22.



Author:Madras Group