A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE AND PLANT SCIENCES

The following is a list of primary and secondary sources on agriculture and plant sciences in the Indian tradition. This list includes mainly primary published sources in Sanskrit and a few in other Indian languages. Among secondary sources the major portion is made up of articles published in English journals. Needless to say this list is by no means exhaustive. Primary and secondary sources published in other Indian languages must be included in order to make this bibliography more complete. Not only classical works, but more works on folk wisdom such as proverbs in all Indian languages, also need to be included. As for primary sources, the list here includes not just works on agriculture and plant sciences as such but also works which are mainly encyclopedia in nature and include chapters on these topics, eg. Brhat Samhite or Sarngadhara Paddhati or Puranas such as Agni Purana. In fact, in the literary tradition in Sanskrit as also in other Indian languages, there are a whole lot of literary works which deal with agriculture or plant life sometimes in great detail and depth. What is really distressing is the fact that a whole lot of primary sources on agriculture and other sciences are in manuscript form and even Information regarding the extent and nature of this manuscript wealth is yet to be compiled for most Indian languages. Compilation of such information, and study of these manuscripts will have to be taken up in a major way in this country.

An enormous amount of information on agriculture is available in the form of folk sayings and proverbs in many Indian languages. No systematic work seems to have been done in recent times in bringing this knowledge to light. All!the information available to us is based on works of a few English scholars in the 19th century or of some Indian scholars in the early part of this century. A great deal of work needs to be done in this area*. Finally, it is the millions of farmers, the practitioners of traditional agriculture who are the living authorities on traditional agriculture and the repositories of our traditional wisdom. This living knowledge needs to be not just documented but encouraged and helped to re-establish itself at least on par with the modern knowledge of agriculture. Only a living tradition of the science of agriculture will provide a relevance to all the scholarly work related to the traditional knowledge on agriculture.

PRIMARY SOURCES
A. Works In Sanskrit:

1. Abhilashltartha Cintamanl or Manasollasa of Somesvaradeva (12th century)(An encyclopedia with chapters on Vrksayurveda*).
1) Ed by G.K.Shrigondekar in 3 vols., Gaekwad oriental series Nos.28, 84, 138 Baroda (1925, 1939, 1961), 2) Ed. By R.Samasastri, Mysore Govt. Oriental Library, Part I (Prakaranas 1- 3) Mysore (1926).

2. Agni Purana (Chapter 282 on Vrksayurveda, and chapter 292 on Gavayurveda**).
i) Tr. into English'by M.N.Datta, 2 Vols. Calcutta (1901). ii) Ed. with Hindi translation by Sriram Sarma, Sanskrit Samsthan, Bareili (1968).

3. Amarakosa (A classical Sanskrit Lexicon) Chapters Varlvarga; Patala varga; Bhu varga; Vanaushadhi varga; Manushya varga; Vaisya varga; contain botanical information. Ed. with commentaries and English introduction by A.A.Ramanathan, Adyar Library and Research Centre, Vol.1-1971; Vol.2-1978.

4. Brhatsamhita of Varahamihira (6th Cent.) (Section II chapter 21 on rain clouds, Chapter 22 on rain support days, chapter 27 on winds, chapter 28 on immediate rain, chapter 23 on rains, chapter 29 on indication of yield of crops from blooming of flowers, chapter 40 on vegetable horoscopy, chapter 53 on ascertaining the presence of water, chapter 53 on Vrksayurveda and a later chapter on Golakshana).
i) Tr. into English by V.Subrahmanya Sastri and M.Ramakrishna Bhat, 2 vols., Bangalore (1947); Rep. New Delhi (1982). ii) Tr. into Malayalam by P.S.Purushottaman Nanputeri, 2nd edn. Sri Rama-vilasam. Quilon (1955). iii) Hindi tika 'Vimala’, by Achyutananda Jha, Vidyabhavana Sanskrits Granthamala No.41, Varanasi (1959).

5. Dhenvantari Nighantu with Raja Nighantu, Anandasram Press, Poona 1925.

6. Garuda Purana (Chapter 207 on veterinary sciences) Ed. with Hindi translation by Srirama Sarma, Sanskrit Samasthan, Bareily (1968).

7. Kaiyadeva Nighantu, Meharchand Laxman Das, Lahore, 1928.

8. Krsisangraha or Krsitantra of Parasara (9-10 century). i) Tr.into Bengali (Bangabas Edition) Calcutta (1922). ii) Tr.Into Oriya, Dutt Press, Cuttack (1930). iii) Tr.into English by S.P.Ray Chaudhuri in Imperial Bureau of Soil Science, monthly bulletin No.59 (1936). iv) Ed. and Tr.into English by G.P.Manjumdar and S.C.Banerji, Asiatic Society, Calcutta (1960). v) Ed. and Tr.into Hindi (together with corresponding popular sayings of Ghagh and Bhaddri) by Chaudhuri Srinarayana Sinha, Jay Bharat Press, Bansphatak, Varanasi (1971).

9. Krsisasanam Ed. by Dasaratha Sastri with Raghava Bhasya and Narayania Bhasya in Hindi, Marvadi Machine Press, Nagpur (1920).

10. Krsisukti of Kasyapa (10th century) Ed. by Gyula Wojtilla in Acta Orientalia Academia Scientiarum Hungary, 33(2), 209-252 (1979).

11. Munibhavabodhini of Narayana Gajapati Dantuturi (19th century) Chapter on Krsi published with Telugu translation, Vizagapattinam.

12.Samarangana Sutradhara of Raja Bhoja (11th century) (work on Engineering and Architecture, including construction of stables, veterinary hospitals and irrigation works). Ed. by T.Ganapati Sastri in 2 volumes. Gaekwad Oriental series, Baroda (1924, 25).

13. Sarangadhara Paddhati of Sarangadhara (12-13th century) (an encyclopedia). i) Ed. by P.Peterson, Bombay Sanskrit series No.38 (1888). ii) Upavana Vinoda or Vrksayurveda Section, Ed. by Gananatha Sen, Calcutta (1899). iii) Ed. in Malayalam Script & Tr.into Malayalam, Travancore.

14. Sri Sivatattvaratnakara of Basava Raja of Kaladi (1709 AD). (An encyclopedia in nine Kallolas; Kallola II Taranga 1 on land 10, 11, on Agriculture and horticulture; Kallola VII Tarangas 2, 11, 12, on Animal Culture and Veternary Science). i) Ed. by B.Rama Rao and P.Sundara Sastriar, Madras (1926). ii) Ed. by S.Narayanaswamy Sastri, Mysore Oriental Research Institute Voll, (upto Kallola VI),Mysore (1964)

15. Vaijayanti Kosa, Chowkhambha Sanskrit Series, Varanasi, 1971.

16. Vishnudharmottara Purana (Section II chapter 20 on Vrksayurveda, Chapter 43 on Gocikitsa). Ed. by Ksemaraja Sresthin, Sri Venkateswara Press, Bombay (1912).

17.Visvakarma Vastusastram (work on architecture; chapter 33 on smalltanks, chapter 34 on big tanks, chapter 65 on granaries, chapter 66 on Gosala). Ed. with the commentary of Anantakrsna Bhattaraka, by K.Vasudeva Sastri and N.B.Gadre, Tanjore Saraswati Mahal Series No.85 (958).

B. Works in other Indian Languages:

1. Daulat Bagvilas (in Hindi) of Sivakavi (18-19th century). Ed. by Kunwal Chandra Prakash Singh, Bansal & Co., Delhi (1960).

2. Dravya Guna Sangraham (in Malayalam) (Gives an account of various trees and plants).

3. Erezhupadu (in Tamil) of Kambar (12th century) Ed. with the commentary of Tiruriagantaiyar, by Velayudha Mudaliar, Madras Memorial Press (1886).

4. Krsijnanapradipika (in Kannada) of Nagabhusana Ghana Mathacalya(1926-1884).

5. Krai Giti (in Malayalam).

6. Krsi Patha (in Malayalam).

7. Krsi Siksh (in Bengali), Ghatak, Calcutta.

8. Lokopakara (in Kannada) of Gavunda Raya (11th century) (an Encyclopedia). Ed. by H.Sesha Iyengar, Govt Oriental Manuscripts Library, Madras (1950).

9. Vrksasastra Samgraha (in Telugu) by T.Venkataramayya (19th century) published in 1895.

10. Vyavahara Prasnottara or Vyavasaya Kramamu (in Telugu).

C. Compilation of Popular Sayings on Agriculture*:

1. A Collection of Agricultural sayings in Orissa, 'Compiled' by Dr.Parija, Cuttack.

2. A collection of Kanarese Savings and proverbs on Agriculture, Bulletin No.35, Dept. of Agriculture, Madras (1934).

3. A collection of Telugu sayings and proverbs bearing on Agricluture, Dept.-of Agriculture, Madras Bulletin No.22, 1908.

4. Assamiya Sahityer Chanaki, Vol.1, Calcutta University (1929).

5. Bharatiya Krsi Kahavaten (in Hindi - Sayings of Ghagh, Bhaddari, Dank land Bhaddali). by Rameswar Ashant, Delhi Pustak Bhandar, Delhi(1961).

6. Dank Vacanamrta (Hindi sayings of Dank of Mithila).

7. Ghagh Aur Bhaddari (in Hindi), by Rammorish Tripathi, Hindustan Academy, Allahabad, (1949).

8. Ghagh Aur Bhaddari Ki Sampurna Racanayen, (with simple explanations in current day Hindi language) by Ramalingna Pandeya, Hindi Sahitya Mandir, Jaddumandi, Beharas (1955).

9. Gram Sahitya, Part II, by Ramnaresh Tripathi, Atmaram S Sons, Delhi (1952).

10. Ila Se.Kandasamy, Velanmai Pazhamozhigal (Agricultural Proverbs), Coimbatore, 1983.

11. Kazhaga Pazhamozhi Agara Varisai (Dictionary of proverbs), South Indian Saiva Siddhanta Press 3rd Edition, 1970.

12. Khanar Vacan (in Bengali), Viswadev Mukhopadhyaya Vatatala Edn. Calcutta.

13. John Lazarus, Dictionary of Tamil proverbs, Albinion Press, Madras, 1894.

14. Payir Thozhil thodarpana pazhamozhigalum Vazhakku thodargalum (proverbs and usages connected to the profession of Agriculture), Madras Govt. Agriculture Dept., 1936.

15. Peter Percival, A dictionary of Tamil Proverbs, Jaffna Book Society, 1843.

16. Rajasthani Krsi Kahavatan (with explanations in current day Hindi) by Jagdish Singh Gahlot, Ed, by Sukhvir Singh Gahlot, Hindi Sahitya Mandir, Medi Darwaza. Jodhpur (1959) (First published in 1918).

17. Sila Vivasaya Pazhamoahigal (some agricultural proverbs). Dept. of Kducation, Tamil Nadu Government, 1963.

18. C.K.Subba Rao, Tamil Sayings and proverbs on Agriculture, Bulletin of Dept. of Agriculture, Madras, Vol.11, No.34, 1912.

19. Various sayings in Hindi, collected in chapter 10 of Saral Krsi Sastra (in Hindi) by Sitaram Agarwal, Prabhat Prakashan, Mathura (1956).

SECONDARY SOURCES
1. K.T.Achaya, Science Age, 1984-85. A series of eighteen essays on the History of Indian Food.

2. V.S.Agarwala, India as known to Panini: A study in the cultural material in the Ashtadhyayi, Varanasi, 1913.

3. A.K.Y.N.Aiyer, Agriculture and Allied arts in Vedic India, Bangalore, 1949.

4. A.K.Y.N.Aiyer, The Antiquity of some field and forest flora of India, Sankarapuram, Bangalore, 1953.

5. A.K.Y.N.Aiyer, Principles of Crop husbandry in India, Bangalore Printing and Publishing Co., Ltd., Bangalore, 1957.

6. A.K.Y.N.Aiyer, Dairying in Ancient India, UNESCO and NIS Symposium, NIS New Delhi Nov.1950, Bangalore Press, 1969.

7. F.R.Allchin, Neolithic Cattle Keepers of South India, Cambridge University Press, 1963.

8. R.Allchin and B.Allchin, Birth of Indian Civilization, Pelican, 1968.

9. F.Allchin, Early cultivated plants in-India and Pakistan, in the Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals, Eds. J.Ucko and G.M.Dimbleby, England 1969, pp. 323-329.

10. M.A.Alvi and A.Rahman, Jahangir - The Naturalist, NIS, New Delhi, 1968.

11. N. Anasuya, Kurinci Malarkal, Madurai University, 1971.

12. M.Archer, Natural History Drawings in the India Office Library, London, 1962.

13. Y.Arulprakasam, Kururitokaittavarankal, Madurai University, 1971.

14. Maj.Baldrey, Indigenous breeds of Cattle in Rajputana, Govt.Printing Press, Calcutta, 1911.

15. V.Ball on the identification of animals and plants of India which were known to early Greek authors, Indian Antiquary 14, 274-87, 303-40 (1885).

16. S.C.Bannerjee in Annals of Bhandarkar Oriental Res. Inst. Vol.36, pp. 8-27,- 1955.

17. Bharatiya Krsi Sastra Vanmaya Suci - Reprint from Shilpa Sansar, Poona, l955.

18. K.Biswas, History of Botany of early and medieval periods. Bull. NIS India, 21, 189-195 (1963).

19. D.M.Bose, S.N.Sen and B.V.Subbarayappa Eds., A concise History of Science in India, INSA, New Delhi (1971). (The chapter on agriculture,by S.P.Raychaudhuri, Lallanji Gopal and B.V.Subbarayappa pp.350l370, the chapter on Botany by K.A.Chowdhury, A.K.Ghosh, S.N.Sen pp.371-402).

20. N.K.Bose, Theory of heredity in the Manu-Samhita, Bull.Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 21, 226-227 (1963).

21. Dev Raj Channana, Spread of Agriculture in Northern India, New Delhi.

22. N.V.Cheyaraman, Tamizh Ilakkiyattil Velanmai Ariviyal, New Century Book House, Madras, 1978.

23. K.A.Chowdhury and S.S.Ghosh, Plant remains from Harappa, Ancient India,1, 3-18 (1946).

24. K.A.Chowdhury and S.S.Ghosh, Plant remains from Harappa, Ancient India,1, 17 (1951).

25. K.A.Chowdhury and S.S.Ghosh, Plant remains from Hastinapur, Ancient India, Nos.10, 11 (1954, 55).

26. M.K.Dharalkar, First Farmers of Maharashtra, in. Dawn of Civilisation in Maharashtra, Ed. K.Khandalavala, Bombay, 1975.

27. Dharampal, Indian Science and Technology in the 18th century, Impex India, Delhi, 1971.

28. K.N.Dixit, Agricultural implements in Ancient India, Jour. U.P. Hist. Soc, Vol.XVII, 1970.

29. Maj. G.H.Evans, Monograph on cattle and buffaloes of Burma, Govt, printing press, Calcutta, 1905.

30. Farmers of India, ICAR series, New Delhi, 1959.

31. Ganganath Jha, Meteorology in Ancient India, Allahabad University, Studies 1, 1-11, (1925).

32. R.Gangopadhyay, Some materials for the study of Agriculture and agriculturists in Ancient India, Calcutta, 1932.

33. R.C.Ganguli, N.C.Mukherjee et.al. Some materials for the study of agriculture & agriculturists in Ancient India, Serampore (West, Bengal) 1932.

34. S.S.Ghosh, further, records of rice from Ancient India, Indian Forest, Vol.87, 295-301 (1961).

35. U.N.Ghoshal, The agrarian system in Ancient India, University of Calcutta, 1930.

36. P.K.Gode, History of the Art of Grafting Plants, Indian Culture, Vol.XIII, No.1, (July - Sept), pp.25-34 (1946).

37. P.K.Gode, Studies in Indian Culture History, 3 vols. Poona I960; Hoshiarpur 1961.

38. B.G.Gokhale, Tobacco in 17th Century India, Agriculture History, Vol.48, Oct. 1979.
39. Govt, of India, Public Works Department, correspondence relating to deterioration of lands, PWD Press, Calcutta, 1864.

40. Irfan Habib, Agrarian system of Mughal India (1556-1707), Bombay 1963.

41. Hamida Khatoon Naqvi, Cultivation under the sultans of Delhi, C.1206-1555, IJHS, 19, 329 (1984).

42, Harihara Prasad Gupta, Gramodyog Aur Vuskl Sabdavali (in Hindi), Raj Kamal Prakasan, Delhi (1956).

43, Hortus Malabaricus. Twelve volumes published between 1678 and 1693.

44. A.O.Hume, Agricultural reform in India, - Christian Literature society for India, London & Madras, 1899.

45, J.Hutchinson, (Ed.), Evolutionary studies in World Crops Diversity and Change in the Indian subcontinent, London 1974.

46, Kovai Ilancheran, Ilakkiyam Oru Pookkadu, Rockfort Publications, Madras, 1982.

47. G.G.Joshi, Bharatiya Krsi Sastra Vanmayer Suci, Sahitya Sansar, Poona, 19th Feb. & 30th April, 1955.

48. N.R.Joshi, and R.W.Philips, Zebu Cattle of India and Pakistan, FAO, Rome, 1953.

49. R.Kamati, Vanaspatisastra men vedanta, Vanaspati 1, 8-12 (1972). Kamban Subramanian, Puzhudhi Mozhigal, Er Uzhavan, Coimbatore,1977.

50. Kamban Subramanian, Puzhudhi Mozhigal, Er Uzhavan, Coimbatore,1977.

51. Ila Se.Kandasamy. A series of books have been written by this author regarding traditional agriculture as gleaned from Tamil literature, folksongs etc.

52. R.N.Kapil, Biology in Ancient & Medieval India, IJHS 5, 119 (1970).

53. R.N.Kapil, History of Indian Botany in the Proc. of Summer School on the History of Science, INSA (1974), pp.603-607.

54. M.D.Kajale Ancient grains from India'.Bulletin of Dec can College P.G.R.I., 1974.

55. John Kenny, Intensive farming in India, Higghinbothatos, Madras 1912.

56. Krishiwala, Food and,Diet in the Mauryan Empire (based on a study of Artha Sastra), Madras Chamber of Agriculture 1946.

57. A.Kristnasamiengar and Capt. H.T.Pease, Note on cattle of Mysore in 1895, Govt. Printing Press, Calcutta, 1912.

58. A.Lakshmi Pathi & G.P.Majumdar, Chapter on Vriksayurveda in Ayurveda Siksha: A text book of Ayurveda, Vol, l, Bezwada, 1944.

59. Lallanji Gopal, Aspects of History of Agriculture in Ancient India Bharati Prakasan, Varanasi, 1980.

60. J.C.Luthra, Ancient Wheat and its viability, current Science, 4, 489 (1936).

61. James Mckenna, Agriculture in India, 1915.

62. P.Maheswari & R.N.Kapil, A short History of Botany in India, J.Uniy. of Gauhati 9, 1-34-(1958).

63. B.B.Majumdar, Literary Sources of History of Cultivation of rice and its varieties, Symp. hist, of sci., NIS, New Delhi, 1968, pp.24-25.

64. B.,B.Majumdar, Vanaspati - Plants and Plant life as in Indian treatises and traditions, Calcutta Univ., 1927.

65. G.P.Majumdar, Vedic plants, B.C.Law Commemoration Vol.1,1945.

66. G.P.Majumdar, Origin and Development of the Science of Agriculture in Ancient India, Proc. All India Oriental Conf. pp 113-116, Nagpur, 1946.

67. G.P.Majumdar, History of Botany and Allied Sciences (Agriculture, medicine, arbori-hortictilture) in ancient India (2000 B.C. to 100 A.D.) Archives Internationals the historic des Sciences, (UNESCO Paris) 14, pp.100-133, 1951.

68. Mamata Chowdury, Science & Society in the Artha Sastra of Keutilya, Bull, Nat, Inst. Sci., India 21, 36-46 (1963).

69. M.M.Mann, N.V.Joshi, N.V.Kanithar, The Rab System of Rice Cultivation in Western India, Mem. of the Dept. of Agriculture in India, (Chemical Series) 1912.

70. K.L.Mehra, History of Sesame in India and its cultural significance, Vishveshvaran and Indological Journal, Vol.5, Pt.l.

71. K.L.Mehra, History and ethnobotany of Mustard in India, Advancing frontiers of plant sciences, Vol.19, 1967.

72. K.L.Mehra, History of Masha Pulse in India, Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal, Vol.3, 1970.

73. K.L.Mehra, History of Masha Pulse in India, Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal, Vol.10, 1972.

74. K.L.Mehra, History of Munga Pulse in India and its cultural significance, Vish. Ind. Jour. 13, 1975.

75. Mira Roy, Family relations of some plants in the Atharva Veda, IJHS 5, (1970).

76. R.Mitra & L.D.Kapoor, Kamala -The national flower of India, its Ancient history & uses in Indian medicine, IJHS, 11, 125 (1976).

77. K.Mohana Kumari, Kampanil Tavarankal, Kerala Univ., 1969.

78. J.Mollison, A textbook on Indian Agriculture (in three volumes), Bombay, 1901.

79. N.G.Mukherji, Handbook of Agriculture (3rd Edition), Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta, 1915.

80. S.K.Mukherjl, & N.Nath, Horticultural Science in Ancient India, IJHS 5, 183 (1970).

81. B.R.Nagar, Manuring in Ancient India, Bull. Nat. Inst. Sc. India 21, 131 (1963).

82. N.M.Nayar, Origin and Cytogenetic of Rice, in Advances in Genetics, Vol. 17, New York, 1973.

83. N.K.Panikkar and T.M.Srinivasan, The concept of tides in Ancient India, IJHS 6, 36-41 (1971).

84. S.N.Panikar, Landmarks in the development of tobacco in India, Science and Culture, Vol. 42, 1976.

85. K.A.Patwardhan, Upanishads and Modern biology, Popular Book Depot, Bombay, 1957.

86. Maj.H.T.Pease, Notes on indigenous breeds of cattle in the Punjab, Govt. Printing Press, Calcutta, 1903.

87. A.Rahman et al. Science & Technology in Medieval India - A bibliography of source materials in Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian, INSA, New Delhi, 1982., (Chapter 6, Agriculture, pp.517 - 522 and chapter 7, Botany, - 528).

88. T.Rajeswari, Periyapuranattil Tavarankal, Kerala University,

89. Ramanathan, Contribution to weather science In Ancient India, IJHS (1986).

90. G.S.Rahdhawa et. al., The famous Gardens Gardens of India, New Delhi,1971.

91. M.S.Randhawa, Gardens through the ages, Delhi 1976.

92. M.S.Randhawa, A history of Agriculture in India, Vol.1 to 4, 1980-86.

93. E.G.K.Rao, Explonation of underground watersprings according to the ancient Hindus, IJHS 6, 139 (1971).

94. S.P.Ray Chaudhuri, A short account; of the Agricultural methods practised in Ancient India, Science & Culture VII, pp.10-17, 1941.

95. S.P.Ray Chaudhuri, 'Agriculture in Ancient India, Decca Univ., Studies, 101-126, 1941.

96. S.P.Ray Chaudhuri, Agriculture practices in Ancient India, ICAR Review.series No.4, 1953.

97. S.P.Ray Chaudhuri, Some aspects of the Agriculture practices in Ancient India (3250 B.C. - A.D.800), Bull. Nat. Inst, of Sciences of India 21, 107-17 (1963).

98. S.P.Ray Chaudhuri, Land Classification in Ancient India (2500 B.C. -600A.D), IJHS 1, 107-11 (1966).

99. S.P.Ray Chaudhuri, History of Land use in India, IJHS, 5, 178 (1970),

100. S.P.Ray Chaudhuri, Some aspects of Agriculture Practised in Ancient India, Proceedings of the Summer School on History of Science, INSA, New Delhi, 1974, pp. 507-527.

101. S.P.Ray Chaudhuri and R.K.Kaw, Agriculture in Ancient India, ICAR, 1964.

102. Royal Commission on agriculture in India, Report, Govt. Centrals Press, Bombay, 1928.

103. J.F.Royle, the Fibrous Plants of India, Smith, Elder & Co. (London, 1855).

104. Salim Ali, The Mughal Emperors of India as Naturalists and Sportsmen, Jour, of Bombay Natural Hist. Soc. 31, 833-61; 32, 34-63, 264-73 (1927).

105. P.S.Samy, Canga Illakkiattil Ceti Kodi Vilakkam, Madras, 1967.

106. H.D.Sankalia, Prehistory and Protohistory of India and Pakistan, Poona. 1974.

107. Sri Pada Damodara Satvalekar, Ved Men Krisi (in Hindi), (1923).

108. A.B.Seerwani, A.L.Sharma, V.R.Shastry, Botany in Vedas, IJHS 1, 38 (1972).

109. J.Sen. some concepts of organic evolution of the Ancient Hindus, Bull. Nat. Inst. Sci. Ind. 21, 184-188 (1963).

110. R.Shamasastry, Kautilya's Arthashastra, Mysore, 1960.

111. B.V.S.R.Sharma, Study of cow in Sanskrit Literature, G.D.K. Publications, Delhi, 11980.

112. P.V.Sharma, Fruits and Vegetables In Ancient India, Chaukhamba, Varanasi, 1979.

113. Ajoy Mitra Shastri, Textual evidence bearing on rainfall in Ancient India, J.Oriental Inst. Baroda 9, 407-418.

114. V.R.Shastry, Science in the Vedas, Bull. Nat. Inst. Sci. India 21, 102 (1963).

115. M.S.Shukla, Arbori-Horticulture in Ancient India, IJHS, 5, 179, (1970).

116. R.S.Singh, Botanical Identity and a critical appreciation of Mallva Lata as evinced in the Buddhist Pali Literature, IJHS, 14, 139 (1979).

117. R.D.Singh, A critical sphaerococum perc. (Indian Dwarf Wheat), Indian Jour. Genet. PI.Br. 6:3, 1946.

118. R.S.Singh, A critical appreciation of the flower plants of Sanskrit Kavyas, Dept. of Rasa Sastra, Benares Hindu University.

119. A.N.Singh, A Critical study of the flora of Kautilya arthasastra, Dept. of Ancient Culture and Archeology, Benaras Hindu University, 1980.

120. R.S.Singh, Basis and Philosophy of plant nomenclature in Ancient India, Dept. of Rasa Sastra, Benaras Hindu University.

121. R.S.Singh, Latin - Sanskrit Glossary of Indian Plants, Dept. of Rasa Sastra, Benaras Hindu University.

122. R.S.Singh, A critical study on the Flora of Harsha Charita of Banabhatta, Dept. of Rasa Sastra, Benaras Hindu University.

123. R.S.Singh & A.N.Singh, on the identity and economico - medical uses of Hastikarnapalasa, as evinced in the ancient (Sanskrit) texts and tradition, IJHS 16, 219 (1981).

124. R.S.Singh, contribution of Unani materia medicas on the identification of Vedic plants with special reference to Usana, IJHS 16, 41 (1981),

125. R.S.Singh & V.D.Vyas, The identity and critical appraisal of the basis of nomenclature and ancient socio-cultural and Geographic-historical reflection evinced with the Paninian perfume - plant/ plant - part "Kisara", IJHS 18, 166 (1983).

126. R.S.Singh On the identity and critical appraisal of some rare Indian plants/plant names - prehistoric to Ayurvedic Samhitas. Dept. of Rasa Sastra, Institute of Medical Sciences, Benaras Hindu University, Vararijasi.

127. B.N.Singh, On the identity and critical appraisal of rare Indian plant/plant names - Ayurvedic Samhitas to to-date.

128. M.N,Sircar, An Introduction to the Vrksayurveda of Parasara, JRAS of Bengal (letters) 16, 1 (1950).

129. R.V.Sitholey - Plants represented in Ancient Indian Sculptures, Geophytology, Vol.6, No.l, 1976.

130. R.S.Sivaganesa Murthy, The Brahmanas on Medicine & Biological Sciences. IJHS, 1, 80 (1970).

131. K.S.Srinivasa, Indian Botany in Retrospect with particular reference to Algal Systematic, JASB 1, 49-78 (1965).

132. T.M.Srinivasan, A brief account of the ancient irrigation engineering systems prevalent in South India, IJHS 1, 315 (1970).

133. T.M.Srinivasa, Water-lifting devices in ancient India: Their Origin Mechanisms (from earliest times to A.D.1000) JJHS 5, 379 (1970).

134. S.Sundara Rajan, Amarakosa as a source of Hindu Botany, Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society.

135. Sundara Jopita Raj, Cilampil Tavarankal, Calicut University, 1973.

136. B.G.L.Swami, Sources for a history of plant sciences in India 1, IJHS 8, 61 (1973).

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Author:M.D.Srinivas and T.M.Mukundan

Note:

* See for example A.V.Balasubramanian, Tamil Folk Sayings on Agriculture, PPST Bulletin, December, 1986.

* Vrksayurveda – refers to, the Science of Arbori - Horticulture. ** Gavyayurveda - refers to Veterinary Sciences with particular reference to cattle.

* An extensive bibliography on Tamil Proverbs/folk sayings is appended to the article, Tamil Folk Sayings on Agriculture, by A.V.Balasubramanian, PPST Bulletin, and December 1986.